HISTORY of ANIMATION.
Timeline
1833 or 1834 - zoetropeWilliam Horner invented the zoetrope in either 1883 or 1834. The device's revolving dome had multiple slits allowing someone to look through it, as the slits were only small only one image was seen at a time and only briefly this is persistence of vision which made the images appear to be moving.
1868 - Flip bookThe flip book is a series of very similar images that when flipped through quickly tell a story. It was patented by John Linnett under the name kineograph, meaning moving picture.
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1824 - Thaumatrope The thaumatrope is a scientific toy John Ayrton Paris or Peter Mark Roget. In 1824 Paris used the thaumatrope to demonstrate persistence of vision at the Royal College of Physicians in London.
1841 - Phenakistoscope was INVENTEDThough Joseph Plateau had the idea for the phenakistoscope happen in 1829, he didn't plan it until 1839 and eventually invented it in 1841. The phenakistoscope was very simple, someone would look through the slits at a mirror then spin the disc.
1872 - Leland Stanford debateLeland Stanford a businesses man, race-horse owner and former governor of California was involved in the debate of whether or not all four of the horse's hooves touched the ground when it was trotting. Stanford hired Eadweard Muybridge a photographer to figure this out. In 1878 Muybridge placed numerous large cameras along the edge of a track, as the horse passed it would pull a sting which would cause the camera to go off. He then copied the silhouettes onto a disc for his invention the zoopraxiscope in 1879 which may be considered the first movie projector.
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1878 - Praxinoscope
1894 - MutoscopeThe mutoscope works on the same principle as a flip book, and was cheaper and quicker to make than the kinetoscope.
Invented by Herman Casler the mutoscope did not project on the screen and only allowed a single person to view it at a time, which is why it quickly dominated the peep-show business. |
1893 - KINETOSCOPE |
1906 - Humorous Phases of Funny FacesHumorous phases of funny faces was directed by James Stuart Blackton. Film historians regard the film as the first animated film recorded on standard picture film. The film ran at 20 frames per a second and lasted 3 minutes.
1918 - Out of the InkwellMax Fleischer invented rotoscoping where actors would act out the scenes which animators would then draw over.
1928 - Steamboat WillieSteamboat Willie was accompanied by music which gave the animation a deeper depth and emotion.
1937 - snow white and the seven dwarfsThe first feature length animated film. Snow white also used rotoscoping to capture the movement of it's characters,
1990 - Wallace and GromitWallace and Gromit are easily one of the most recognisable stop-motion characters.
2005 - LaikaAn American Stop-motion company that has made three feature length movies: Coraline, ParaNorman, and the Boxtrolls.
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1902 - A trip to the moonGeorges Méliès is often regarded as a pioneer of film. During his 1902 film A Trip To The Moon there is basic stop motion animation when the bullet ship hits the moon, as was designed to show that the ship crashed landed there.
1914 - Gertie the DinosaurGertie was the first animated character to show personality. Gertie also interacted with Winsor McCay who designed a script that can allowed him to talk to her. At this stage in animation there was only a single layer present, this meant that the animators had to redraw everything, even the background, for each frame.
1919 - FElix the catFelix the cat is the first animated superstar. In 2002 he was 28th in TV Guides's 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time In 2004 he was claimed a spot in 100 Greatest Cartoons, the same year he was rank as the 36th in Animal Planet's 50 Greatest Movie Animals.
1930 - Looney tunesDisney biggest competitors.
1972 - Aardman StudiosAn English stop-motion studio, who have made many films including Wallace and Gromit.
1995 - Toy StoryThe first movie created solely using CG.
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